While the babies may be simply mimicking their moms ' withdrawn or angry demeanor , university of miami ' s tiffany field , ph . d . , and james madison university ' s jeffrey pickens , ph . d . , think that the reason for the infants ' negative affect may be far more complicated 在一個對84個三個月大的嬰兒做的研究中,心理學者們發(fā)現(xiàn),對比那些母親沒有抑郁癥狀的嬰兒,有抑郁母親的嬰兒明顯的更多出現(xiàn)憂愁或憤怒的表情,而較少的對事物感興趣。